The U.S. Supreme Court today ruled 6 – 3 in Department of State v. Muñoz that “a citizen does not have a fundamental liberty interest in her noncitizen spouse being admitted to the country.”

The case involved Sandra Muñoz, a U.S. citizen, who sued the federal government after her husband, Luis Asencio Cordero, a citizen of El Salvador, was denied a visa after a U.S. consular officer in San Salvador found he was inadmissible under federal law. His visa refusal letter referred to the applicable section of law, INA 212(a)(3)(A)(ii) (“other unlawful activity”), but did not provide a detailed reason for the denial. As part of the litigation record, the State Department later clarified that the basis for the refusal was that the consular officer had reason to believe Asencio Cordero was a member of the gang MS-13, based in part on his tattoos.

In 2022, the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled in favor of the couple. The Biden administration asked the Supreme Court to reverse the ruling. Today, in addressing the primary issues, the court held that the consular officer’s decision for a basis of refusal was final and conclusive and it would not interfere with such policy choices despite the harm Muñoz endured because, ultimately, she does not have a constitutional right to participate in her spouse’s consular proceeding.

Additional Information: The dissent, written by Justice Sonia Sotomayor and joined by Justices Elena Kagan and Katanji Brown Jackson, found the ruling broad on marriage and narrow on procedure, citing supporting briefs from former consular officers that demonstrated consular decisions “often rely on stereotypes or tropes…even bias or bad faith.”

A transcript of the oral arguments presented before the court in April this year can be found here. Audio of the oral arguments can be heard here.

This alert has been provided by the BAL U.S. Practice Group.

Copyright © 2024 Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. All rights reserved. Reprinting or digital redistribution to the public is permitted only with the express written permission of Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. For inquiries, please contact copyright@bal.com.

The U.S. Embassy and Consulates in India announced that 3,900 applicants had been interviewed during its annual Student Visa Day on June 13.

Key Points:

  • The United States remains the No. 1 higher education destination for Indian students, with 69% preferring a U.S. education to any other destination. The U.S. Mission has expanded the 2024 student visa season to continue to meet growing demand.
  • The number of Indian students choosing to study in the United States saw record-breaking growth in 2023, with more visas issued than in 2018, 2019 and 2020 combined.
  •  Indian students are poised to become the largest group of international students in the United States.
  • The U.S. Mission has also met a 400% rise in demand for all other visas between 2021 and 2023.

Additional Information: The establishment of Student Visa Day in India eight years ago is a joint effort between the Department of State, Mission India and EducationUSA to share information on studying in the United States and reflects the U.S. government’s commitment to prioritize students and facilitate their travel. “Today’s Indian students also represent tremendous potential — the knowledge you will unlock, the new skills and opportunities you will experience and the relationships you will build are worth the investment. … Together, we are taking the U.S.-India relationship forward,” said U.S. Ambassador Eric Garcetti.

BAL Analysis: The U.S. Mission in India set a goal of processing 1 million nonimmigrant visas in 2023, a target that was reached in September. The U.S. Consulate Mumbai conducted a “Super Saturday” visa drive on May 12, screening 1,700 first-time student visa applicants for approval. While visa services at some embassies and consulates remain delayed, the U.S. Mission in India said it would continue to “invest in the future of consular services in India and explore ways to provide more efficient and convenient services.”

This alert has been provided by the BAL U.S. Practice Group.

Copyright © 2024 Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. All rights reserved. Reprinting or digital redistribution to the public is permitted only with the express written permission of Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. For inquiries, please contact copyright@bal.com.

President Biden announces a policy to protect undocumented spouses of U.S. citizens.

The administration moves toward streamlined work visa processes for some DACA beneficiaries.

And we sit down with the American Immigration Lawyers Association’s new president-elect, BAL’s Jeff Joseph, to survey the immigration landscape and discuss AILA’s focus on becoming more inclusive.

Get this news and more in the latest episode of BAL’s podcast, the BAL Immigration Report, available on Apple, Spotify and the BAL news site.

This alert has been provided by the BAL U.S. Practice Group.

Copyright © 2024 Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. All rights reserved. Reprinting or digital redistribution to the public is permitted only with the express written permission of Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. For inquiries, please contact copyright@bal.com.

The Department of State announced it will open six new passport agencies across the U.S. to meet growing demand.

Key Points:

  • The six new passport agencies equipped to provide services for urgent travel needs will be established in Salt Lake City, Utah; Kansas City, Missouri; Orlando, Florida; Charlotte, North Carolina; San Antonio, Texas; and Cincinnati, Ohio.
  • The new facilities will expand the total number of passport agencies and centers to 35. The number of public passport acceptance facilities nationwide for non-urgent services is more than 7,400.
  • The Department of State encourages U.S. citizens to apply for or renew their passports before booking travel and can visit here for the latest passport and travel guidance.

Additional Information: Today, 48% of Americans have a passport and more than 99% live within 25 miles of an acceptance facility. Although the Department of State is issuing a record number of passports, passport processing times are at pre-pandemic levels.

BAL Analysis: When traveling abroad, we encourage foreign nationals to frequently check the validity/expiration date of their passport. Read more travel tips here.

This alert has been provided by the BAL U.S. Practice Group.

Copyright © 2024 Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. All rights reserved. Reprinting or digital redistribution to the public is permitted only with the express written permission of Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. For inquiries, please contact copyright@bal.com.

President Biden announced plans for a new policy that would make certain undocumented spouses of U.S. citizens who are longtime residents eligible for a path to lawful permanent residency from within the U.S. and up to three years of parole and work authorization. The administration also announced other forthcoming actions to make it easier for Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals beneficiaries to obtain a temporary work visa.

Key Points:

  • The Department of Homeland Security will establish a new process to consider applications on a case-by-case basis. To be considered eligible, an individual must:
    • Be present in the U.S. without admission or parole;
    • Have been continuously present in the U.S. for at least 10 years as of June 17, 2024; and
    • Have a legally valid marriage to a U.S. citizen as of June 17, 2024.
  • If their application for parole in place is approved, the undocumented immigrant would have three years to apply for a green card and receive a temporary work permit. A DHS fact sheet provides an overview of the plans.
  • An estimated 500,000 spouses and 50,000 children are expected to be eligible, enabling these noncitizens to apply for lawful permanent residence without having to leave the United States. Currently, even though spouses of U.S. citizens are eligible for permanent residence as immediate relatives, those who entered the U.S. unlawfully must leave the country and risk being subject to the 10-year bar under immigration law.
  • Biden also announced plans for a streamlined process allowing certain individuals, including DACA beneficiaries, who earned U.S. degrees in higher education and have high-skilled job offers to more quickly receive work visas.

BAL Analysis: While this announcement outlines the administration’s plans to protect undocumented spouses and certain Dreamers, the specific details about how the processes will be implemented are still forthcoming. It is anticipated that the Biden administration will face court challenges.

This alert has been provided by the BAL U.S. Practice Group.

Copyright © 2024 Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. All rights reserved. Reprinting or digital redistribution to the public is permitted only with the express written permission of Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. For inquiries please contact copyright@bal.com.

Employers filing H-1B cap petitions for fiscal year 2025 are reminded that the filing period closes June 30.

Key Points:

  • Petitioners must file a petition for candidates who were selected in the H-1B lottery by June 30 in order for the petition to be considered.
  • Only petitioners with selected registrations may file H-1B cap-subject petitions for the beneficiary named in the selected registration notice.
  • U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services received 479,953 total registrations for this year’s H-1B lottery, a figure substantially lower than last year’s record-breaking 780,884. The agency attributed the decline to the undertaking of fraud investigations and implementation of the new beneficiary-centric selection process.

BAL Analysis: Companies should work with their BAL professional to ensure that their H-1B cap petitions are filed before the June 30 deadline. Employers may also wish to work with their BAL attorney to consider alternatives for registrations that were not selected in March’s lottery. BAL will continue to monitor whether USCIS will conduct a second round of H-1B selections for FY 2025.

This alert has been provided by the BAL U.S. Practice Group.

Copyright © 2024 Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. All rights reserved. Reprinting or digital redistribution to the public is permitted only with the express written permission of Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. For inquiries please contact copyright@bal.com.

It is no exaggeration to say that the 2024 presidential election may have dramatic consequences on U.S. immigration.

The Republican candidate, former President Donald Trump, and the Democratic nominee, Vice President Kamala Harris, differ not only in their rhetoric about immigration but also in the policies their administrations pursued in their respective terms in office. While unauthorized immigration and the border dominate the headlines, business immigration would bear the impact of a change in administrations as well.

So, what do employers think?

BAL recently surveyed business leaders about their immigration programs, how they plan to support their workforce and how they are preparing for the election. In all, we received 111 responses. Answers varied, but a few trends emerged.

  • Foreign talent needs: Respondents have found it easier to meet foreign talent needs in the last four years and identified the changes they would like to see the Biden-Harris administration finalize before the end of the President’s term.
  • Commitment to workforce: Employers remain committed to supporting their foreign national employees, even amid political uncertainty.
  • Preparing for possible change: Companies grasp the importance of the election, but many of them say they have not begun preparing for — or communicating to stakeholders about — potential changes.

Meeting foreign talent needs

Nearly 6 in 10 respondents (59%) said their organization found it “somewhat” or “much” easier to meet foreign talent needs in the last four years. Another 23% said there was not much change for their organization, while 18% said it was “much harder” or “somewhat harder.”

We also asked about the potential changes the administration should prioritize for the remainder of Biden’s term, allowing respondents to pick more than one answer.

  • 70% said finalizing H-1B “modernization” proposals.
  • 63% said developing a permanent, expanded domestic visa renewal program.
  • 55% said making improvements to adjustment of status.
  • 25% selected two of these three priorities, while 32% listed all three.

Other priorities for employers included reducing Department of Labor wait times, stabilizing Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) and securing the U.S.-Mexico border.

Support for foreign national employees

While the election has the potential to disrupt immigration policies and procedures, employers remain committed to their foreign national employees.

Two-thirds of respondents (67%) said they “are doing as much as (they) can” with existing resources to protect the work status of foreign national employees prior to the election. An additional 15% said they are expanding resources.

Preparation and communication

Respondents were split regarding when they will start planning for possible changes, with roughly half saying they have already begun doing so or will this summer and the other half saying they will wait until the fall or after the election.

A plurality of survey respondents said they had not yet begun communicating with their organization’s leadership or foreign national employees but that they plan to do so.

It is understandable that many employers said they don’t know where to start when communicating about the election. The uncertainty of the outcome makes preparation and communication difficult.

There are steps employers can take now, however, including encouraging foreign national employees to move up their timelines for travel and visa renewals; prioritizing certain petition filings to take advantage of current policies; and reviewing employee populations and company policies to help identify the likely effects of a potential change in administration.

BAL is able to assist in these endeavors and will continue providing additional information and resources as we move through election season.

About the survey

BAL’s election survey was open to the public May 14 through June 5. There was a total of 111 survey respondents, with immigration program sizes ranging from fewer than 10 petitions to more than 500 petitions filed per year. Respondents included a mix of in-house attorneys, immigration program managers and human resources and global mobility professionals, among others.

Respondent industries

Respondents represented more than 20 industries, including:

  • Arts, media and entertainment
  • Education
  • Energy, environment and utilities
  • Engineering and architecture
  • Finance and insurance
  • Gaming
  • Healthcare
  • Hospitality, tourism and recreation
  • Information and communication technology
  • Manufacturing and product development
  • Pharmaceutical, life sciences and biotech
  • Professional services
  • Religious
  • Retail
  • Semiconductors
  • Transportation

Respondent program size

Respondents represent businesses with small, mid-size and large immigration programs.

Steve Plastrik is a senior associate on BAL’s Government Strategies team. If you are interested in speaking with a BAL attorney about how to prepare for any election outcome, contact us. To learn more about BAL Community, visit https://community.bal.com.

Coalition for the American Dream published a report this week detailing the projected economic and societal costs of ending the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program.

Key Points:

  • Coalition for the American Dream published the report days ahead of the 12th anniversary of the DACA program on June 15.
  • Current DACA recipients number more than 500,000. The report finds that future long-term economic losses and costs could approach $1 trillion over the lifetimes of DACA recipients.
  • Other economic and workforce impacts include:
    • As many as 168,000 U.S. jobs in DACA-owned businesses could be lost.
    • U.S. workforce losses could include 37,000 healthcare workers, 17,000 STEM professionals and 17,000 educators.
    • Lost business training and recruitment costs for current DACA employees could reach $8 billion.

Additional Information: The report’s demographic and economic estimates and business impacts are based in part on data collected in the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2022 American Community Survey, the March 2022-2023-2024 Current Population Surveys and data from U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services.

Coalition for the American Dream is an organization of more than 100 businesses, trade associations and other groups representing every major sector of the U.S. economy and more than half of American private sector workers. Its mission is to seek the passage of bipartisan legislation that gives Dreamers a permanent solution.

BAL Analysis: The report notes if DACA ended and work authorizations were denied renewal, 440,000 workers would be forced from the U.S. workforce over a two-year period, with the most acute impact on health, education and STEM occupations. The business community continues to show strong support for DACA and the crucial role Dreamers play in the U.S. economy. Given the uncertain environment, DACA recipients who qualify for a renewal are urged to apply for one as soon as they can. BAL will continue to follow the litigation challenging DACA and will provide updates as information becomes available.

This alert has been provided by the BAL U.S. Practice Group.

Copyright © 2024 Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. All rights reserved. Reprinting or digital redistribution to the public is permitted only with the express written permission of Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. For inquiries, please contact copyright@bal.com.

The American Immigration Lawyers Association announced its newly elected officers at the 2024 AILA Annual Conference and installed Kelli Stump as AILA president and BAL’s Jeff Joseph as president-elect.

Key Points:

  • Kelli Stump is the association’s 78th president. She will serve for the 2024-25 term and has been recognized on several occasion as “Lawyer of the Year” in immigration law in Oklahoma City.
  • President-elect Jeff Joseph is a partner with BAL managing its Denver office, a past elected director of AILA’s board of governors and adjunct professor at the University of Denver College of Law.
  • Other officers elected for the 2024-25 term include:
    • Alexis S. Axelrad, first vice president, is AILA’s first elected vice president, a partner with Barst & Mukamal LLP, a past chair of the New York Chapter of AILA and a past elected director of AILA’s board of governors.
    • Jacqueline Watson, second vice president, is a partner with JLW Immigration Law Group, a former AILA Texas Chapter chair and elected director of AILA’s national board of directors.
    • Rekha Sharma-Crawford, treasurer, is a partner with Sharma-Crawford Attorneys-at-Law, was the first South Asian American secretary of AILA and a past elected director of AILA’s board of governors.
    • Michelle Saenz-Rodriguez, secretary, is the co-founder and senior partner at Saenz-Rodriguez & Associates, a former chair for the Texas Chapter of AILA and a past elected director of AILA’s board of governors.

Additional Information: Founded in 1946, AILA is a nonpartisan, nonprofit, voluntary bar association that provides continuing legal education, professional services, information and expertise to more than 16,000 attorneys who practice and teach immigration law.

Its mission is to promote justice, advocate for fair and reasonable immigration law and policy, advance the quality of immigration and nationality law and practice, and enhance the professional development of AILA members.

This alert has been provided by the BAL U.S. Practice Group.

Copyright © 2024 Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. All rights reserved. Reprinting or digital redistribution to the public is permitted only with the express written permission of Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. For inquiries, please contact copyright@bal.com.

U.S. business leaders tell BAL it has become easier to meet foreign talent needs.

A new report examines the human and economic costs of ending DACA.

And Lynden Melmed, the head of BAL’s government strategies team, joins us to discuss one organization’s vision for a second Trump administration.

Get this news and more in the latest episode of BAL’s podcast, the BAL Immigration Report, available on Apple, Spotify and the BAL news site.

This alert has been provided by the BAL U.S. Practice Group.

Copyright © 2024 Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. All rights reserved. Reprinting or digital redistribution to the public is permitted only with the express written permission of Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. For inquiries, please contact copyright@bal.com.