President Donald Trump is expected to sign, as early as this afternoon, an Executive Order that will immediately suspend entry into the United States for nationals of certain countries of interest.

The executive order, titled “Protecting the Nation from Terrorist Attacks by Foreign Nationals,” prevents nationals of Iran, Iraq, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen from entering the U.S. for a period of 30 days.

Who is Affected

The ban applies to immigrants and nonimmigrants, including those who have dual citizenship. The ban does not apply to U.S. citizens. If one of the countries of interest considers a person to be a national of that country, it is expected that the U.S. will suspend the entry of that person.

The text of the Executive Order does not suspend the entry of an individual who has traveled to one of the designated countries but is not a national of one of the countries. However, foreign nationals who fall into that category should exercise caution and should consult with counsel before departing from or to the U.S. to evaluate potential risks and liabilities.

The Executive Order provides that other countries may be added to the travel ban in the future.

Duration of Travel Ban

The ban is expected to remain in effect for 30 days from the date the executive order is signed. It is unclear whether or for how long the entry ban will continue after that period of time.

Exemptions to Travel Ban

The Executive Order provides that the Secretary of Homeland Security and Secretary of State may, on a case by case basis and when in the national interest, issue visas or other immigrant benefits to nationals of the countries of concern. The order does not say how an individual may apply for an exception or what the standards will be for an exception.

BAL Analysis: Companies should identify current employees who may be subject to the travel ban and work with counsel to develop appropriate legal strategies. Travel to the U.S. could be delayed, and employees already in the U.S. should exercise extreme caution before departing the country. BAL is closely monitoring any new developments and will provide additional information as it becomes available

This alert has been provided by the BAL U.S. Practice group. For additional information, please contact BerryApplemanLeiden@bal.com.

Copyright © 2017 Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. All rights reserved. Reprinting or digital redistribution to the public is permitted only with the express written permission of Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. For inquiries please contact copyright@bal.com.

President Donald Trump signed executive orders Wednesday that the White House said would facilitate the construction of a wall on the southern border and penalize so-called sanctuary cities, among other measures.

The first executive order, Border Security and Immigration Enforcement Improvements, establishes a policy of securing the border with Mexico “through the immediate construction of a physical wall.” The order also calls for the hiring of additional border patrol, if funding is available, and directs the Department of Homeland Security to take action to ensure that inadmissible aliens are returned to their home country pending removal proceedings.

The second order, Enhancing Public Safety in the Interior of the United States, directs the Justice Department and DHS to ensure that, to the extent allowed by the law, sanctuary cities “are not eligible to receive Federal grants,” except as deemed necessary for law enforcement purposes. The term “sanctuary cities” generally refers to cities that violate federal law by refusing to share information with federal authorities.

Numerous media outlets, including the New York Times and Washington Post, reported that Trump was also moving toward signing an executive order that would halt refugee admissions to the U.S. for 120 days and ban entry for a month to anyone arriving from “countries of particular concern.” This executive order had not yet been signed, however, and is subject to change.

BAL Analysis: Trump’s executive orders represent steps toward fulfilling promises that were at the heart of his campaign for the presidency, but a number of questions remain as to the logistics of building and funding a border wall. Attempts to strip sanctuary cities—including Chicago, Los Angeles, New York and San Francisco—of funding could set up legal and political battles between the federal government and local jurisdictions. BAL will continue to analyze these orders and will provide additional information in the coming days. An in-depth look at how Trump’s presidency could affect high-skilled immigration is available on BAL’s website.

This alert has been provided by the BAL U.S. Practice group. For additional information, please contact BerryApplemanLeiden@bal.com.

Copyright © 2017 Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. All rights reserved. Reprinting or digital redistribution to the public is permitted only with the express written permission of Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. For inquiries please contact copyright@bal.com.

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services has announced that in February it will only accept employment-based adjustment-of-status applications based on the Application Final Action Dates chart.

The Dates for Filing chart, published in the State Department’s February Visa Bulletin, will not apply. Employment-based immigrants must follow the Application Final Action Dates chart (below) to determine if they are eligible to file their adjustment-of-status petitions with USCIS. Only applicants with priority dates earlier than the dates listed in the chart will be permitted to file their applications for adjustment of status in February.

Application Final Action Dates for Employment-Based Preference Cases:

Preference China El Salvador Guatemala Honduras India Mexico Philippines All Other Countries
EB-1 Current Current Current Current Current Current
EB-2 Nov. 15, 2012 Current April 15, 2008 Current Current Current
EB-3 Oct. 1, 2013 Oct. 1, 2016 March 22, 2005 Oct. 1, 2016 Oct. 15, 2011 Oct. 1, 2016

This marks the second straight month that the Dates for Filing chart will not apply to employment-based filings. Family-based immigrants, however, will be permitted to use the Dates for Filing chart applicable to family-sponsored immigrants, which also is contained in the February Visa Bulletin.

This alert has been provided by the BAL U.S. Practice group. For additional information, please contact BerryApplemanLeiden@bal.com.

Copyright © 2017 Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. All rights reserved. Reprinting or digital redistribution to the public is permitted only with the express written permission of Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. For inquiries please contact copyright@bal.com.

Donald J. Trump was sworn in Friday as the 45th president of the United States.

His inauguration followed a campaign for the office that placed immigration at the heart of the national debate. He used his inaugural address to highlight his “America first” theme on immigration and other issues.

“Every decision on trade, on taxes, on immigration, on foreign affairs will be made to benefit American workers and American families,” Trump said. “We must protect our borders from the ravages of other countries making our products, stealing our companies, and destroying our jobs.”

During his campaign, Trump promised to build a wall on the southern border, conduct “extreme vetting” of immigrants from Muslim countries, deport “criminal aliens,” and cancel former President Barack Obama’s executive actions on immigration. His rhetoric on high-skilled immigration varied, but he has said since the election that he wants the Labor Department to investigate “all abuses of visa programs that undercut the American worker.”

Whether Trump makes good on his campaign promises remains to be seen. His appointment of Alabama Senator Jeff Sessions – an advocate of reducing both legal and illegal immigration – as U.S. attorney general could be a sign of significant shifts in immigration policy. The Senate Judiciary Committee is expected to take up Sessions‘ nomination next week.

BAL Analysis: Read BAL’s in-depth analysis of what the new administration means for high-skilled immigration here.

This alert has been provided by the BAL U.S. Practice group. For additional information, please contact BerryApplemanLeiden@bal.com.

Copyright © 2017 Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. All rights reserved. Reprinting or digital redistribution to the public is permitted only with the express written permission of Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. For inquiries please contact copyright@bal.com.

The U.S. Labor Department has posted current processing times as of Jan. 12 for permanent labor certification (PERM) applications and prevailing wage determination requests.

PERM processing: Applications filed in October and earlier are currently being adjudicated. Audit reviews are being conducted on applications filed in May and earlier, and appeals filed in December and earlier are being reviewed for reconsideration.

Average PERM processing times in December:

  • Adjudication – 77 days
  • Audit review – 222 days

PWD processing: The National Prevailing Wage Center is currently processing requests filed in September and earlier for H-1B cases and those filed in August and earlier for PERM cases. Redeterminations are being considered on appeals filed in November and earlier for H-1B cases and those filed in October or earlier for PERM cases. Center Director Reviews are being conducted on appeals filed in November for H-1B and PERM cases.

Average time for issuance of prevailing wage determinations in December:

  • H-1B – 108 days (OES), 146 days (non-OES)
  • PERM – 109 days (OES), 146 days (non-OES)

The Labor Department reports PERM and prevailing wage determination processing time frames on its iCERT page.

BAL Analysis: BAL’s internal case tracking is essentially consistent with the Labor Department processing times. BAL is seeing approvals for PERM applications filed in November 2016 or earlier and awaiting prevailing wage determinations for requests filed in October 2016.

This alert has been provided by the BAL U.S. Practice group. For additional information, please contact BerryApplemanLeiden@bal.com.

Copyright © 2017 Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. All rights reserved. Reprinting or digital redistribution to the public is permitted only with the express written permission of Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. For inquiries please contact copyright@bal.com.

Beginning Jan. 22, employers must use the new version of Form I-9 for checking employment eligibility of new hires and reverifying eligibility of employees with expired employment authorization.

Key points:

  • Employers who have not yet switched to the new form should do so no later than Jan. 22. After Jan. 21, all previous versions will be invalid.
  • The new version, dated Nov. 14, has additional fields and additional instructions and is a smart form that is easier to fill out electronically.

Background: The new version of Form I-9, released by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services in November, contains drop-down menus and calendars, embedded instructions at each field, and additional prompts to verify that information is filled out correctly. Among other features intended to reduce paperwork errors, the button “Click to Finish” at the end of each page prompts the form to check to ensure that all fields were filled in. The form also automatically populates certain fields based on information entered in other fields.

Employers must complete Form I-9 each time they hire a person to perform labor or services in the U.S. in return for wages or other remuneration. Though employers do not submit this form to the government, they must retain a Form I-9 for each employee for three years after the date of hire or one year after the employee’s employment ends, whichever is later. U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement conducts audits of employers’ Forms I-9 and if errors are found, may impose significant fines ranging from $216 to $2,156 per employee.

BAL Analysis: The new version of the Form I-9 is available on the USCIS website. Human resources personnel should make sure their companies have transitioned to the new version. In addition to being easier to fill out electronically, the new version also removes the requirement that foreign nationals who are authorized to work provide both their Form I-94 number and their foreign passport in Section 1 of the form. However, the new Form I-9 does not require that employers or employees provide any new information and does not alter the list of documents an employee may present to demonstrate work authorization.

This alert has been provided by the BAL U.S. Practice group. For additional information, please contact BerryApplemanLeiden@bal.com.

Copyright © 2017 Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. All rights reserved. Reprinting or digital redistribution to the public is permitted only with the express written permission of Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. For inquiries please contact copyright@bal.com.

A new regulation published by the Justice Department on the enforcement of the anti-discrimination provisions of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) took effect Wednesday.

The anti-discrimination provision of the INA, section 274B, was enacted in 1986 as part of the Immigration Reform and Control Act  and is intended to prohibit unfair immigration-related employment practices on the basis of citizenship status and national origin. Congress created the Office of Special Counsel for Immigration-Related Unfair Employment Practices (OSC) within the Justice Department to investigate violations and enforce discrimination prohibitions.

The new rule simplifies definitions of ambiguous statutory terms to provide greater clarity and eliminate obscurities; updates the procedures for filing, processing, investigating, and deciding INA-based discrimination claims; and renames the OSC and grants authority to the agency to act on its own behalf in some cases.

Key changes:

  • The rule broadens the definitions of “discrimination” and “hiring.” The regulation defines discrimination as “the act of intentionally treating an individual differently from other individuals because of national origin or citizenship status, regardless of the explanation for such differential treatment, and regardless of whether such treatment is because of animus or hostility.”The rule clarifies that an employer’s intent to discriminate must be based on national origin or citizenship status.

    The rule also broadens the definition of hiring to include all conduct and acts during the entire recruitment, selection and on-boarding process. Individuals protected by the anti-discrimination provision include citizens or nationals of the U.S., lawful permanent residents, aliens admitted for temporary residence, refugees and asylees.
  • The rule updates filing procedures. Under the new rule, individuals seeking to submit a discrimination claim must do so within 180 days of the alleged discrimination, with an additional 45 days to submit information if OSC requests it.

    OSC has discretion to accept charges filed after the 180-day time limit under special circumstances. The regulation gives the agency authority to require employers to provide access to extensive information, including Forms I-9 (Employment Eligibility Verification).
  • The regulation renames OSC the “Immigrant and Employee Rights Section.” The office will continue to be part of the Justice Department’s Civil Rights Division. The renamed office is controlled by a special counsel for immigration-related unfair employment practices. The special counsel is a government official appointed by the president for a four-year term, by and with the consent of the Senate, who reports directly to the assistant attorney general in the Justice Department’s Civil Rights Division.

    The special counsel has the ability to investigate charges of immigration-related unfair employment practices and conduct litigation in federal court to compel orders and subpoenas. The final regulation also gives  special counsel the authority to act on their own behalf if they have a reason to believe a business is engaged in discriminating immigration-related employment practices.

BAL Analysis: The new regulation will likely increase the risk that employers will be subject to immigration-related discrimination claims and give rise to increased liability. Those with questions about the changes or how to remain in compliance should contact their BAL attorney.

This alert has been provided by the BAL U.S. Practice group. For additional information, please contact BerryApplemanLeiden@bal.com.

Copyright © 2017 Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. All rights reserved. Reprinting or digital redistribution to the public is permitted only with the express written permission of Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. For inquiries please contact copyright@bal.com.

The Department of Homeland Security has released the final version of the International Entrepreneur Rule, which would grant qualifying foreign entrepreneurs permission to remain temporarily in the U.S. to grow their startups. Applicants must meet minimum capital investment or government grant requirements and demonstrate that their startup will provide a significant public benefit through rapid growth and job creation.

The final rule is scheduled to be published in the Federal Register Jan. 17 and take effect 180 days thereafter.

Key criteria:

  • The startup must have been created within five years of the application for temporary permission to stay (parole) and the applicant must have at least a 10-percent interest in the startup and play an active role in operations.
  • The startup must have significant capital investments from well-established U.S. investors of at least $250,000 or government grants or awards of at least $100,000. If these thresholds are only partially met, the applicant may present “reliable and credible evidence of significant potential for rapid growth and job creation.”
  • Successful applicants would be granted parole of 2 1/2 years initially. After the initial period, entrepreneurs may qualify for an additional 2 1/2 years of re-parole upon demonstrating that they continue to hold a 5-percent interest in the startup and play an active role in operations, and that the startup meets growth criteria of $500,000 in annual revenues, an average annualized revenue growth of 20 percent, and has created five full-time jobs in the U.S. during the initial parole period. Alternatively, if these criteria are only partially met, applicants may show “reliable and credible evidence” that their parole will continue to provide a significant public benefit.
  • Family members (spouses and unmarried children under 21) may follow to join. Spouses are not automatically authorized to work, but may apply for an Employment Authorization Document.
  • Entrepreneur-based parole is limited to three individuals (and their spouses and children) per startup.
  • Parole decisions are made on a discretionary, case-by-case basis. As parole does not constitute admission or a nonimmigrant category, parolees are ineligible to convert to another nonimmigrant category or to apply for a green card unless they meet separate eligibility criteria for another category.

Final rule v. Proposed rule

In response to more than 750 public comments, DHS revised and relaxed several provisions from the proposed version to the final rule. Some of the key differences are summarized here:

  • In the final rule, a startup may be eligible if created within five years prior to the parole application (instead of three years under the proposed rule).
  • The minimum capital investment has been reduced to $250,000 (from $345,000 in the proposed rule). The final rule also provides a longer time frame to receive investments of 18 months immediately preceding the parole application (instead of one year under the proposed rule).
  • The final rule relaxes the entrepreneur’s minimum ownership requirement to 10 percent (instead of 15 percent under the proposed rule) for the initial parole application and 5 percent (instead of 10 percent under the proposed rule) for re-parole applications. The reduction recognizes that entrepreneurs may need to sell their interest to raise capital during early years of a startup.
  • Entrepreneurs applying for re-parole must show job creation of five full-time jobs (instead of 10 under the proposed rule).
  • The definitions of “qualified investment” and “qualified investor” have been broadened. Qualified investments are those made in good faith and may include “other securities convertible into equity commonly used in financing transactions within their respective industries.” The final rule removes the requirement that qualified investors have invested within three calendar years of the previous five years and reduces their qualifying minimum to $600,000 (from $1 million under the proposed rule).
  • The final rule makes a slight change to the initial parole and re-parole periods to 2 1/2 years each (instead of two years initially and three additional years under the proposed rule).

BAL Analysis: Though the final rule is generally a broader rule than the version proposed in August, the qualifying criteria remain high. Commenters to the rule expressed concerns that it does not provide a clear path for nonimmigrants currently in the U.S. to benefit from the rule. The final rule does not explicitly state that foreign nationals currently in the U.S. in nonimmigrant status, such as F-1 students, may apply for entrepreneur-based parole without violating their status. However, the comments section states that DHS believes it is “certainly realistic” that an F-1 student in the U.S. can start a business during the Optional Practical Training period and meet requirements to apply for parole under the regulation. BAL will be reviewing the final regulation and releasing additional analysis in the coming days.

This alert has been provided by the BAL U.S. Practice group. For additional information, please contact BerryApplemanLeiden@bal.com.

Copyright © 2017 Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. All rights reserved. Reprinting or digital redistribution to the public is permitted only with the express written permission of Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. For inquiries please contact copyright@bal.com.

President Barack Obama announced Thursday that the United States would end its policy of providing residency to Cubans who enter the U.S. without a visa.

The end of the decades-old “wet-foot/dry foot” policy, as it was called, came about after Cuba agreed to accept Cuban nationals who have been ordered to leave the U.S.

Key points:

  • Effective immediately, Cubans who enter the U.S. illegally will be subject to removal under U.S. law unless they qualify for humanitarian relief. Obama said the U.S. would “continue to welcome Cubans as we welcome immigrants from other nations.”
  • The president also announced the end of the Cuban Medical Professional Parole Program, which allowed Cuban medical personnel working or studying outside of Cuba at the direction of the Cuban government to enter the U.S. Obama said “medical personnel will now be eligible to apply for asylum at U.S. embassies and consulates around the world, consistent with the procedures for all foreign nationals.”

BAL Analysis: The changes described above are consistent with Obama’s broader efforts to open up relations with Cuba. Obama leaves office a week from today, however, and President-elect Donald Trump has signaled that he will take a harder line on Cuba. BAL will continue to follow immigration-related developments in U.S.-Cuba relations and will provide updates on any significant changes.

This alert has been provided by the BAL U.S. Practice group. For additional information, please contact BerryApplemanLeiden@bal.com.

Copyright © 2017 Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. All rights reserved. Reprinting or digital redistribution to the public is permitted only with the express written permission of Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. For inquiries please contact copyright@bal.com.

Priority cutoff dates for India EB-2 and all EB-3 categories will advance modestly next month, according to the State Department’s February Visa Bulletin.

Key movements in priority cutoff dates:

  • China EB-2 will advance by one month to Nov. 15, 2012, while China EB-3 will advance three weeks to Oct. 1, 2013.
  • India EB-2 will remain at April 15, 2008, while India EB-3 will advance by one week to March 22, 2005.
  • The Philippines EB-3 category will advance nearly three months to Oct. 15, 2011.
  • EB-3 categories for Mexico, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and All Other Chargeability Areas will advance by two months to Oct. 1, 2016.

Additional notes: All EB-1 categories will remain current. All EB-2 categories other than India and China will also remain current.

Application Final Action Dates for Employment-Based Preference Cases:

Preference China El Salvador Guatemala Honduras India Mexico Philippines All Other Countries
EB-1 Current Current Current Current Current Current
EB-2 Nov. 15, 2012 Current April 15, 2008 Current Current Current
EB-3 Oct. 1, 2013 Oct. 1, 2016 March 22, 2005 Oct. 1, 2016 Oct. 15, 2011 Oct. 1, 2016

The State Department also released its Dates for Filing chart for February 2017. Applicants seeking to file for adjustment of status are reminded that the chart does not take effect unless USCIS confirms it via a web posting in the next week or so. BAL will update clients once the State Department confirms whether the Dates for Filing chart can be used in February.

This alert has been provided by the BAL U.S. Practice group. For additional information, please contact BerryApplemanLeiden@bal.com.

Copyright © 2017 Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. All rights reserved. Reprinting or digital redistribution to the public is permitted only with the express written permission of Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. For inquiries please contact copyright@bal.com.