U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) has confirmed that President Trump’s latest travel ban on nonimmigrant work visas does not apply to Canadian nationals.

Key points:

  • The proclamation suspends the entry of certain foreign nationals under the H-1B, H-2B, L-1, and J-1 nonimmigrant visa categories, and their family dependents, who were outside the U.S. on the effective date of the proclamation (June 24) and did not hold a valid visa or other travel document.
  • Canadian nationals are not required to apply for visa stamps for the above nonimmigrant categories.
  • In an email, CBP confirmed to the American Immigration Lawyers Association that the proclamation does not apply to foreign nationals who are normally exempt from visas, including Canadians.

BAL Analysis: The confirmation from CBP clarifies that Canadians seeking entry in H, L or J status are not prevented from entry under the ban, and may proceed to ports of entry as normal while the proclamation is in effect. However, CBP has not yet issued a formal announcement. Because it may take some time for the agency to disseminate guidance to ports-of-entry, Canadian workers should be advised that they may in the interim encounter delays when seeking entry from Canada. BAL has created an FAQ on the proclamation and will continue to provide updates and analysis regarding the government’s implementation of the proclamation.

This alert has been provided by the BAL U.S. Practice group. For additional information, please contact berryapplemanleiden@bal.com.

Copyright © 2020 Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. All rights reserved. Reprinting or digital redistribution to the public is permitted only with the express written permission of Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. For inquiries please contact copyright@bal.com.

President Donald Trump has issued a proclamation that will restrict entry of certain foreign nationals on new nonimmigrant work visas. The proclamation also extends existing restrictions on immigrant visa applicants that were set to expire today.

Key points:

  • The proclamation will take effect at 12:01 a.m. EDT on June 24 and will expire Dec. 31, 2020.
  • The administration is extending the restrictions on immigrant (i.e., permanent) visas that have been in effect since April 23.
  • The proclamation imposes new restrictions on entry under the H-1B, H-4, L-1, H-2B, and J-1 nonimmigrant (i.e., temporary) visa categories, including those following to join an applicant. The restrictions do not apply to people who hold valid nonimmigrant visas on the effective date. They apply to foreign nationals who, as of the effective date, are (1) outside the U.S., (2) do not have a valid nonimmigrant visa, and (3) do not have another valid official travel document.
  • The following groups are exempt from the new work visa restrictions:
    • U.S. lawful permanent residents.
    • Spouses and children of U.S. citizens.
    • Current nonimmigrant visa holders.
    • Foreign nationals coming to provide temporary labor or services essential to the U.S. food supply chain.
    • Individuals whose entry would be in the national interest, as determined by the U.S. government.
  • International students on F-1 visas are not affected by the proclamation.
  • There is no reference to fee increases in the proclamation.
  • The proclamation requires the federal immigration agencies to establish standards to define categories of foreign nationals covered by the “national interest” exemption, including those that are critical to the defense, law enforcement, diplomacy, or national security of the U.S.; are involved with medical care or research directly related to COVID-19; or “are necessary to facilitate the immediate and continued economic recovery of the United States.”
  • The proclamation directs the Department of Homeland Security to consider promulgating regulations or taking other appropriate action “regarding the efficient allocation” of H-1B visas “and ensuring that the presence in the United States of H-1B nonimmigrants does not disadvantage United States workers.” It also directs the Secretary of Labor to consider promulgating regulations or take other appropriate action to ensure that workers who seek employment-based second or third preference (EB-2 or EB-3) eligibility, or H-1B eligibility, do not disadvantage U.S. workers.

BAL Analysis: Today, travel to the U.S. by foreign nationals remains extremely limited. U.S. consulates abroad have generally suspended routine visa services, making it difficult to obtain new visas to travel to the U.S. Under White House proclamations, foreign nationals who have been physically present for a 14-day period in Brazil, China, Iran, Ireland, Schengen Area countries or the United Kingdom may not enter the U.S. unless they fall under an exemption. These restrictions are in effect until terminated by the president. Non-essential travel across land borders from Canada and Mexico also remains restricted until at least July 21.

When U.S. consulates abroad begin to reopen, the new proclamation will significantly restrict legal immigration avenues for foreign workers who are not presently in the U.S. Though it is based on the authority to deny entry and does not impact U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) adjudications within the U.S., the proclamation directs the immigration agencies to issue regulations that could affect eligibility for work visas. BAL is continuing to review the new restrictions and will provide additional analysis in the coming days.

This alert has been provided by the BAL U.S. Practice group. For additional information, please contact berryapplemanleiden@bal.com.

 

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) has issued a policy memorandum that rescinds previous guidance related to the employment of H-1B workers at third-party worksites and announces additional guidance on H-1B adjudications.

Key points:

  • USCIS has rescinded the 2018 Contracts and Itineraries Requirements Memo and the 2010 Employer-Employee Relationship Memo in their entirety.
  • The new guidance provides that H-1B petitioners must demonstrate they meet “at least one” of the factors of an employer-employee relationship: the ability to hire, pay, fire, supervise, or otherwise control the work of the beneficiary.
  • USCIS will not require H-1B petitioners to provide contracts with third parties, detailed itineraries when an H-1B worker will be placed in more than one worksite location, or evidence of specific day-to-day assignments.
  • USCIS must now provide a written explanation for any shortened validity period.
  • USCIS will assess whether time in non-productive status or extended periods of training are “material changes” affecting eligibility.

Background: The adjudication guidance contained in the 2018 Contracts and Itineraries Memo and 2010 Employer-Employee Relationship Memo has faced increasing challenges through litigation. Recent court decisions, such as ITServe Alliance, Inc. v. Cissna, have found many of the policies in these memos to be invalid or unenforceable. The agency’s rescission of these memos and issuance of additional guidance is the result of this litigation and a related settlement.

BAL Analysis: The rescission takes effect immediately and applies to pending and new H-1B filings, including motions and appeals. The memo states that USCIS will no longer require certain types of evidence, such as a detailed itinerary when the H-1B worker will be placed in more than one worksite location, contracts between the petitioner and any end-client or clients, or detailed descriptions of the day-to-day assignments of the H-1B worker.

However, USCIS may still deny petitions for a variety of reasons, including not providing sufficient evidence that specialty occupation work exists for the worker. The new guidance also instructs USCIS officers to assess whether H-1B workers have been employed according to the terms and conditions of previous approvals, including time the worker spent in non-productive status or extended periods of training.

BAL continues to assess the new guidance and will provide additional analysis to clients in the near future.

This alert has been provided by the BAL U.S. Practice group. For additional information, please contact berryapplemanleiden@bal.com.

Copyright © 2020 Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. All rights reserved. Reprinting or digital redistribution to the public is permitted only with the express written permission of Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. For inquiries please contact copyright@bal.com.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

On June 18, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the Trump administration’s attempt to end the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program was unlawful and must be vacated.

  • DACA was created under the Obama administration in 2012. President Trump announced the termination of the program in September 2017, but federal court injunctions prevented the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) from fully terminating the program.
  • The ruling invalidates the administration’s termination of DACA, which means the program will continue unless properly terminated. DACA beneficiaries may continue to renew their Employment Authorization Documents (EADs).
  • Though today’s ruling is a significant victory for Dreamers, the Court reinforced the position that DHS may legally terminate the program. This means the ruling is best viewed as a procedural delay that pauses changes to the program and places the issue before the voters in the 2020 election.
  • DHS has not yet issued any guidance regarding acceptance of initial applications from individuals who have not previously been granted DACA.

ANALYSIS

What is the immediate impact of the ruling?

In the near term, the ruling prevents the administration from ending the DACA program. Before the ruling, DHS was required to continue accepting renewal applications from individuals who had previously been granted DACA, but not new applications. The ruling means DHS will have to continue accepting renewal applications from DACA beneficiaries.

Will the government start accepting initial applications?

The ruling will likely require DHS to begin accepting initial DACA applications. However, it remains unclear whether this can happen immediately, or if additional procedural steps must be taken in the lower courts. DHS is expected to issue further guidance on this issue in the coming days.

Is the government allowed to terminate DACA?

Yes. The parties to the lawsuits, and the Supreme Court, agree that DHS had authority to terminate the program. However, the Court concluded that the termination was subject to review under the Administrative Procedure Act (APA). The subject of the lawsuit was whether the agency followed the proper procedure. The Court ruled that the agency violated the APA in its termination of the program.

Will the administration try again to end DACA?

Shortly after the decision was released, President Trump tweeted, “I am asking for a legal solution on DACA, not a political one, consistent with the rule of law. The Supreme Court is not willing to give us one, so now we have to start this process all over again.” DHS could attempt to address the Court’s concerns and end the program in a different manner, but few are confident that the administration could achieve that result prior to the election.

Will Congress find a permanent legislative solution?

Only Congress has authority to provide a permanent solution for Dreamers that offers legal status in the U.S., and stakeholders have been encouraging lawmakers for years to find a bipartisan solution. It is impossible to predict at this time whether Congress will pass a law that grants some form of relief from removal to DACA beneficiaries, particularly in an election year.

Copyright ©2020 Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. Government immigration agencies often change their policies and practices without notice. This document does not constitute legal advice or create an attorney-client relationship. Version: June 18, 2020.

 

The U.S. Supreme Court issued a ruling today against the Trump administration, holding that its termination of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) in 2017 was unlawful.

Key Points

  • In a 5-4 decision, the Court ruled that the administration’s termination of DACA must be vacated because it violated the Administrative Procedure Act (APA).
  • Chief Justice John Roberts authored the opinion and was joined in the majority by Justices Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Stephen Breyer, Elena Kagan, and Sonia Sotomayor.
  • The Court found that the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) did not provide a reasoned explanation for its termination of DACA because it failed to consider the “conspicuous issues” of whether to retain relief from deportation and “what if anything to do about the hardship to DACA recipients.”

Background: Since it began in 2012 under the Obama administration, DACA has provided temporary protection from deportation and the opportunity to obtain work authorization for roughly 700,000 undocumented immigrants who were brought to the United States as children.

After the Trump administration announced its decision to terminate the program in September 2017, DACA recipients, immigrants’ rights groups, cities, states and universities sued to stop the administration’s efforts to end the program. Since 2017, the DHS has been enjoined from fully terminating the program and has continued accepting renewal DACA applications.

BAL Analysis: This is a significant win for Dreamers and their supporters. For the time being, DHS is still required to accept applications to renew DACA grants, and the ruling does not make immediate changes to the status quo. The matter has been sent back to DHS, and it is not yet known whether the agency will attempt before the November election to terminate the program again through the rulemaking process. The Court ruled on the way in which the administration terminated DACA, but not on the legality of the program itself. BAL is closely monitoring the administration’s response to the ruling and will provide updates and analysis as more information becomes available.

This alert has been provided by the BAL U.S. Practice group. For additional information, please contact berryapplemanleiden@bal.com.

Copyright © 2020 Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. All rights reserved. Reprinting or digital redistribution to the public is permitted only with the express written permission of Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. For inquiries please contact copyright@bal.com.

Hundreds of employers and business groups have signed letters to President Donald Trump highlighting the importance of high-skilled nonimmigrant foreign workers, as the administration weighs additional immigration restrictions amid the economic fallout from the COVID-19 pandemic.

The administration is considering restrictions to nonimmigrant (i.e., temporary) work visa categories after Trump issued a proclamation in April suspending the entry of most immigrant-visa applicants for 60 days. The proclamation called on the Secretaries of Labor, Homeland Security and State to review nonimmigrant visa programs and recommend other measures “appropriate to stimulate the United States economy and ensure the prioritization, hiring, and employment of United States workers.”

Business groups have said that restricting nonimmigrant visas would only further hurt the economy.

“We urge you to avoid outcomes, even for temporary periods, that restrict employment-authorization terms, conditions, or processing of L-1, H-1B, F-1, or H-4 nonimmigrants,” Compete America wrote in a May 21 letter to Trump and the relevant agency leaders that was signed by 324 employers and business groups, including some of the country’s largest companies. “Constraints on our human capital are likely to result in unintended consequences and may cause substantial economic uncertainty if we have to recalibrate our personnel based on country of birth.”

The U.S. Chamber of Commerce sent Trump a similar letter, focusing on the importance of the L-1 and H-1B visa programs. The Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM) urged the president and Congressional leaders to protect nonimmigrant visa programs. And 21 House Republicans wrote to Secretary of State Mike Pompeo and Homeland Security Acting Secretary Chad Wolf, asking them to take steps to protect the Optional Practical Training (OPT) program for foreign students.

“As countries like Canada, the United Kingdom, China and Australia bolster immigration policies to attract and retain international students, the last thing our nation should do in this area is make ourselves less competitive by weakening OPT,” the group of House Republicans wrote. “The program is essential to the many international students who desire not just to study in the U.S. but also have a post completion training experience.”

The Wall Street Journal editorial board similarly cautioned the administration against imposing additional restrictions, stating “If Mr. Trump wants high-tech jobs to stay in America, he can’t reject high-skilled workers.”

BAL Analysis: Despite strong opposition from the business community, the Trump administration continues to weigh possible restrictions to nonimmigrant visa programs as well as an extension of the 60-day suspension of entry of immigrant-visa applicants. The administration has not yet made any formal announcements or released any details on potential new restrictions. BAL continues to monitor these developments and will provide additional information as it becomes available.

This alert has been provided by the BAL U.S. Practice group. For additional information, please contact berryapplemanleiden@bal.com.

Copyright © 2020 Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. All rights reserved. Reprinting or digital redistribution to the public is permitted only with the express written permission of Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. For inquiries please contact copyright@bal.com.

The Department of Homeland Security has announced that it will extend current restrictions on nonessential travel at land ports of entry between the U.S. and Canada and the U.S. and Mexico until July 21.

Key points:

  • Current restrictions will continue until at least July 21. Only “essential travel” is permitted at all land ports of entry along the U.S.-Canada and U.S.-Mexico borders.
  • The list of individuals permitted to engage in “essential travel” includes U.S. citizens and lawful permanent residents (LPRs) returning to the U.S. and people traveling to work in the U.S. (e.g., agricultural workers), engaging in lawful cross-border trade (e.g., truck drivers transporting goods), or traveling to attend school, receive medical treatment, for public health purposes, or a limited number of other reasons.
  • The restrictions do not include air or sea travel, but do apply to passenger rail, passenger ferry travel and pleasure boat travel.

Additional information: The measures were originally implemented on March 21, 2020 and have been extended in 30-day increments.

This alert has been provided by the BAL U.S. Practice group. For additional information, please contact berryapplemanleiden@bal.com.

Copyright © 2020 Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. All rights reserved. Reprinting or digital redistribution to the public is permitted only with the express written permission of Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. For inquiries please contact copyright@bal.com

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services has announced that in July it will only accept employment-based adjustment-of-status applications based on the Final Action Dates chart.

The Dates for Filing chart published in the State Department’s July Visa Bulletin will not apply. Employment-based immigrants must follow the Final Action Dates chart (below) to determine whether they are eligible to file their adjustment-of-status petitions with USCIS. Only applicants with priority dates earlier than the dates listed in the chart will be permitted to file their applications for adjustment of status in July.

Final Action Dates for Employment-Based Preference Cases:

Preference All Other Countries China El Salvador Guatemala Honduras India Mexico Philippines Vietnam
EB-1 Current Aug. 22, 2017 Current May 8, 2017 Current Current Current
EB-2 Current Nov. 8, 2015 Current July 8, 2009 Current Current Current
EB-3 April 15, 2018 June 22, 2016 April 15, 2018 June 1, 2009 April 15, 2018 April 15, 2018 April 15, 2018

BAL Analysis: July will mark the fourth time this fiscal year that USCIS will use Final Action Dates for employment-based adjustment-of-status applications. The Final Action Dates chart is less progressive than the Dates for Filing chart in a number of categories. Family-based applicants must use the applicable Dates for Filing chart, except for F2A category applicants, who may use Final Action Dates.

This alert has been provided by the BAL U.S. Practice group. For additional information, please contact berryapplemanleiden@bal.com.

Copyright © 2020 Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. All rights reserved. Reprinting or digital redistribution to the public is permitted only with the express written permission of Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. For inquiries please contact copyright@bal.com.

Priority-date cutoffs will advance significantly in some employment-based categories and more modestly in others, according to the State Department’s July Visa Bulletin.

Key movements in the July Visa Bulletin:

EB-1

  • China EB-1 will advance one week to Aug. 22, 2017.
  • India EB-1 will advance more than 11 months to May 8, 2017.
  • All other countries under EB-1 will remain current.

EB-2

  • China EB-2 will advance one week to Nov. 8, 2015.
  • India EB-2 will advance nearly a month to July 8, 2009.
  • All other countries under EB-2 will remain current.

EB-3

  • China EB-3 will advance one week to June 22, 2016.
  • India EB-3 will advance two months to June 1, 2009.
  • The cutoff for all other countries will advance more than four months April 15, 2018.

Final Action Dates for Employment-Based Preference Cases:

Preference All Other Countries China El Salvador Guatemala Honduras India Mexico Philippines Vietnam
EB-1 Current Aug. 22, 2017 Current May 8, 2017 Current Current Current
EB-2 Current Nov. 8, 2015 Current July 8, 2009 Current Current Current
EB-3 April 15, 2018 June 22, 2016 April 15, 2018 June 1, 2009 April 15, 2018 April 15, 2018 April 15, 2018

The State Department also released its Dates for Filing chart for July. Applicants seeking to file for adjustment of status are reminded that the chart does not take effect unless U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services confirms that it does via a web posting in the coming days. BAL will update clients once officials confirm whether the chart can be used.

In April, President Trump issued a proclamation temporarily suspending the entry of immigrant-visa applicants for 60 days. Since U.S. consulates had already suspended routine visa operations abroad because of COVID-19, the order has had a limited impact. In addition, several categories of people are excluded from the suspension, including U.S. lawful permanent residents, spouses and unmarried children under 21 of U.S. citizens, foreign healthcare professionals performing research to combat the spread of COVID-19, those applying for EB-5 immigrant investor visas, members of the U.S. Armed Forces and those who would further U.S. law enforcement objectives or whose entry is in the national interest.

This alert has been provided by the BAL U.S. Practice group. For additional information, please contact berryapplemanleiden@bal.com.

Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) announced today that it is extending flexible measures regarding Form I-9 employment eligibility verification that were scheduled to expire June 19.

Key points:

  • The temporary measures have been extended another 30 days and are now scheduled to expire July 19.
  • The guidelines allow certain employers to conduct remote verification of employee documents, e.g., using fax, email or video link, for the purpose of Form I-9 employment eligibility verification procedures. Only employers that are operating 100% remotely remain eligible for the temporary remote verification procedures.
  • Employers that follow the remote verification procedures must comply with strict guidelines when normal operations resume, including physical inspection of the documents that were viewed remotely within three business days.
  • As part of the initial guidance, ICE granted an automatic extension for 60 days to employers who were served notices of inspection (NOIs) during the month of March 2020 but had not yet responded. Today’s announcement states that ICE will grant an additional extension of 30 days to these employers, but this will be the final extension for NOIs served in March.

Background: ICE issued the original guidance March 20 for 60 days, and extended it for an additional 30 days before the current extension. The original guidance, including eligibility requirements, how to fill out Form I-9 if conducting remote verification of documents, and protocols once normal operations resume, may be viewed here.

BAL Analysis: Employers that are operating 100% remotely because of COVID-19 may continue to benefit from the temporary measures until July 19. As offices begin to reopen, employers who are using the temporary measures should make sure they remain eligible to do so. Employers who have conducted remote verification under the temporary policy should ensure that their Form I-9 procedures are compliant with all requirements in the guidance when normal operations resume, including following up with in-person verification of the documents within three business days.

This alert has been provided by the BAL U.S. Practice group. For additional information, please contact berryapplemanleiden@bal.com.Copyright © 2020 Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. All rights reserved. Reprinting or digital redistribution to the public is permitted only with the express written permission of Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP. For inquiries please contact copyright@bal.com.